Nozzle



NOV. 24, 1953 LEE 2,660,474

N OZZLE Filed Aug. 30, 1950 LEJGHTO LEE 7 attorney Patented Nov. 24, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT GFFICE NOZZLE Leighton Lee II, Rocky Hill, Conn. Application August 30, 1950, Serial No. 182,371

9 Claims.

This invention relates to a nozzle and, more particularly, to a nozzle construction for usages requiring that the discharged fluids be released with a swirling motion.

Such diffuser nozzles, although having many applications, are particularly useful for injecting liquid fuel into the burning compartments of furnaces, engines, and the like. Normally such nozzles are designed to provide a swirling discharge under certain predetermined conditions of fluid flow into the nozzle. In general, however, the effectiveness of the nozzle is limited to the narrow range of flow conditions for which it has been designed and it has been diicult to design a nozzle which will properly discharge the fiuid when the nozzle is required to operate over a wide flow range.

Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to provide a nozzle which will impart a swirling motion to fluids forced through the nozzle and which will discharge the fluids with a swirling motion throughout a wide fiow range.

A more specific object is to provide a nozzle which will induce a swirling motion to fiuid and discharge the fluid with a swirling motion and which will permit wide variations in fiow rate without the need for excessive pressures.

A further object is to provide a nozzle having means for varying the effective size of the nozzle orice responsive to fluid pressure and designed to maintain a swirling discharge of fluid during wide variations in flow rate and without the need for excessive pressures.

Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out more in detail hereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combination of elements and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the construction hereafter set forth and the scope of the application of which Will be indicated in the appended claims.

In the drawing:

Fig. l is a side elevational view of the nozzle of this invention coupled to a fluid conduit;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the nozzle of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the nozzle of Fig. 2 taken on a transverse vplane and viewed in the direction of the arrows 3-3 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 2 but showing a modified nozzle construction.

Referring to the drawing in detail, the nozzle elements are housed within a casing l of generally cup-shaped configuration which closes the open end of a fluid conduit I2. The conduit I2 receives fluid through a side duct I3 which is connected to a suitable reservoir or supply system (not shown) of fiuid under pressure. The conduit I2 is closed at its other end by a cap I4 which is removably secured thereto in any conventional manner. The form of the conduit I2 is exemplary only, and if desired, it may take a variety of forms and may house auxiliary controls such as valves and the like for operation in connection with the inlet I3.

A core I6 having a plurality of longitudinal fluid passages Il is disposed within the'conduit I2 and projects therethrough to receive the cupshaped nozzle casing Ill in threaded relation. A boss or shoulder lli-a on the core I6 adjacent the conduit I2 receives a seal I8 therearound against which the large diameter' opening of the nozzle casing I0 abuts.

The casing Id has a discharge opening 20 in its end Wall which diverges outwardly so that swirling motion to discharged fiuid will not be interrupted. The fluid is initially swirled after passing through the core ducts Il by means of a swirl plate or disk 22 transversely disposed as a wall in the casing Ill against an internal shoulder iii-a therein and forced thereagainst by a nut i@ having an enlarged bore IS-a to provide an annular passage around the end of the core Iii and which is externally threaded for securement within the casing IB. The plate 22 has a plurality of diagonally directed passages 2d (shown eight) for creating the swirling motion as the fluid passes from the core ducts I'I to the other side of the plate 22.

A diaphragm Z of saucer-like configuration, which may be formed of flexible sheet metal or other inherently resilient material, is secured at its peripheral portion between the plate 22 and shoulder lil-a. The diaphragm 26 and plate 22 cooperate to define a chamber C therebetween for receiving swirling fluid from the passages 24 in the plate 22.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the diaphragm 26 has a central opening in which is received a generally cylindrical orifice member 28 having an axial bore forming a through outlet opening so in register with the nozzle casing opening 29. The orifice member 28 is supported entirely by the diaphragm 25 and secured thereto as by swedging or the like so that it will shift With the diaphragm 26. The interior of the orifice member 28 is formed with a counterbore 29 and an outwardly diverging entranceway v3l 28 is in normal position, the fluid passing througli the nozzle is swirled under the inducement of this diagonal openings 24 in the swirl plate 28 and is further swirled into the orifice "n'i'eiiib'r ".23

through the tangentially directed passages through the orice discharge passage 35i and the' registering nozzle discharge passage 20. This ing fllto keep the lieggin ofdiaphragnl 2l withsplaced'position'of the Kenlemier 23 isi accordfluid iromwchamber C l' sve'. 'il al@ e@ message egd .zelgdlshe s@ @sans 2.0 Without passing ima-.- the D. l. s '3.2.3 t'suvh iiissasd flow rat, the"` uid is'adequately; thefswirl Blei@ 22, elpee endihesfat incfese 1.1i th effe@- tixs einige 'Qf the ngzzlf permits the. iiwresed ratkeof vflfow tol be' attair'ied without excessive ins'. iRCSu-.rif n v I A A u I' In thexmodied structureillustrated in Fig. e, s s t" new Qrifisgmepibr 4.6 iSsilb'Sltituted`for t e, oyableoriiics member 28 whichV shifts with dienstags.' 25. i. the first embodiment. qe'.- sacrilied above, the member 46 being formed'asa centrally located 'bos'sfon'the modified swirl plate .ihefv mem rfdfis' boredatlg tof formI an outwardly Afacir'igfcentral well Yat the4 center of fthe swinger gegessen baseert esem;- i ugh the pla/"te` 4 4 and which mayrbesimilari all respects( to the "previously described swirl passages'ficiy Figs'. 2 and'Bj arefspaced about the centralboss 46.` `In the'modiiied structhere is also utilized aj modified diaphragm having' a generally conical. central portionl 4l dening 'a dischargfeorice Y42 inV register with nozzleV discharge 20L' As vin the previous st ct `the`di'aplfiragn 40 may move` relative t he swirlplate "Main response to changes in volumetric iiow rateand its accompanying pres; sure. During periods when the ilc'uw Arateis relatively lwfthe diaphragm 40 presses against the conical faceV 41 ofthe member 46,'a`nd when the o frate increaSdQ'the accompanying increase in pressure will."cause the diaphagmto 'flea oiitwardly'away from the face 41. An annular b '43.formedin' theI diaphragm 40 by abutment ag mst'the' housing lglbwill, serve to limit flexing oilthe'diaphragm'tp Aa safeflimit. When da; phragrnfis in its normal position against the ilII-,IEI' @Sashlil n-Fig. 4.1 the SWHDS fluid from the chamber C is permitted to pass to the diaphragm orifice opening 42 and the well 48 by means of a plurality of tangential grooves 52 cut in the face 41. The fluid will thus receive further swirl inducement as it passes through the grooves 52 and the elective orice of the nozzle is relatively small.

During periods when the flow rate is relatively high, the diaphragm is displaced toward the rect'ly from th chamber Cto the orifice opening 42 in the diaphragm 40 without going through Athe grooves 52. At greater ow rates, the additional swirl inducement provided by grooves 52 is not required in order to produce the desired swirling di the fluid released through orice 42 and, the material increase in effective orifice openftnriz'zie nakes a possible to obtain the desird r'greater ilow rate without excessive increase in pressure.

n tous v1.1.1. .be .sete that there has been provided a cream@ with the nrlfieil. enfin?- sicvgi. nozzle message@ in Whlh the. efifftive orifice and the inducing meansa'ie threes the ses 90.1.1.1@ be rasee ie the @here marivpaieiyf if AEly dif;-

' ntionmc'oiild bie strt there:

. p, .i Y .il above 'description 'or 'shown' thfaccompanying drawings shell be. ieierprill slsietivgad rigiirifiimiti'n sx'ise' "w dorst/ood that the language tedd. te do??? ..pe...e.ieeltii1ss if their.- vention herein described and all stat'ements` of ythgsco-pe.ci. the mention which, as@ metter. 0f language, might be said. to. fall. therebetween..

1 claim as my invention:

l... A diuser. nozzle construction. comprising a casing having a discharge opening, a rst. member. in said. casingA havingl swirlfinducing. passageways oilr predetermined size, a secondv memberin s'aid` casing having` swirl inducing. passage.- ways of. smaller. size, and means including a 'liexiblefdiaphragm overlying the. downstream ends of the passagewaysoisaidrst memberand movable responsivetoiiuid pressure in saidnozzle from a rst position for. directing. aA4 fluid through said passageivays in series. anda second position for permitting. thefluid. to by-pass. the passagewaysof second member.

2. A diffuser nozzle construction. comprising a casing'havihga fluid passage and a discharge opening, aperturedmeans disposedY inv saiduid passage, said means having passages of a predeterlfrned'lsizenffor' iiuid passing thereihrvei "sile'- @sans diseased, insai'dfuid passage `between 'said iirstmentioried means and sieg en@ means assieied .se $.d1inir1`gen`orie`e@me Yelifileawithseid zhersedesning wade: stringa plurality of substantially 'traiisveseiy disposed fluid, .Swirl passagiescf. smaller.. Size. @0nl nectingsaidaperturs aiidlsaidforigce, said reg.- .Slientxha bien I? permit fluid to effectively by-pass said transverse swirl passages to said orifice.

3. A diffuser nozzle construction comprising a casing having an inlet opening and a communieating discharge opening, wall means disposed in said casing between said inlet and said outlet, said wall means having a plurality of angularly directed fluid passages of a predetermined size to induce swirling movement to fluids moving from said inlet to said outlet, resilient means disposed in said casing between said first mentioned means and said outlet, and means associated with said resilient means having a central opening in register with said outlet and having a plurality of substantially transverse fluid swirl passages of smaller size connecting said opening with the angularly directed passages in said wall means, said resilient means being responsive to variations in fluid flow to shift toward said outlet and permit fluid to by-pass said transverse swirl passages to said opening.

v4. A diffuser nozzle construction comprising a casing having a discharge opening and an inlet opening in communication therewith, a transverse wall in said casing having a plurality of angularly directed fluid swirl passages of a predetermined size therethrough, a diaphragm transversely secured in said casing between said wall and the discharge opening, said diaphragm defining an orifice opening in register with the discharge opening, and means defining a plurality of fluid swirl passages of smaller size angularly directed toward said orifice opening, said diaphragm being responsive to increased flow to shift towards said discharge opening whereby fluid may by-pass said angularly directed fluid passages to said orifice.

5. A diffuser nozzle construction for injecting fuel to a combination chamber and comprising a casing defining a fluid passage having an outlet through a wall of said casing into the combustion chamber, a first means disposed in said fluid passage to induce fluids therein to follow a swirling path, a second swirl inducer in said passage to cooperate with said first means at low rates of fluid flow through said passage to further incite swirling of fluid therein, and by-pass means in said casing responsive to the differential between fluid pressure in said passage and fluid pressure in the combustion chamber for causing fluid to by-pass said second swirl inducer at relatively higher rates of fluid fiow through said passage, said by-pass means including a diaphragm interposed between said first means and said outlet, said diaphragm having an aperture through which fluid is passed to said outlet.

6. A diffuser nozzle construction comprising an open-ended casing, one of said open ends being an inlet and the other of said open ends being an outlet, a plate disposed transversely of said casing having a plurality of angularly directed apertures therethrough to induce the swirling of fluids passing through said casing, a diaphragm transversely disposed in said casing between said plate and the casing outlet, said diaphragm having a central opening in register with the outlet, and means disposed in said diaphragm opening having an opening in register with the outlet, said means having a plurality of passages connecting its opening with the angularly directed plate apertures, and said diaphragm being movable during increased fluid flow to permit fluid to pass 'directly from said plate apertures to said outlet.

7. A diffuser nozzle construction CQmPI'Sng a casing having a fluid inlet and a diverging fluid outlet and a communicating passage therebetween, a core disposed in said passage having a fluid passage communicating said casing inlet with said casing outlet, a disk disposed in said. lcasing between the outlet thereof and one end of the core, said disk having a plurality of diagonally directed fluid passages whereby fluid received from the core passage will be induced to follow swirling movements into a chamber, an orifice member having a central opening in register with the casing outlet and a plurality of' spaced tangential passages connecting said central opening and said chamber, and diaphragm means engaging said orifice member and defining said chamber therearound, said diaphragm means being movable in response to fluid pressure to permit relatively free passage of fluid from said chamber to said central opening ln said orifice member.

8. A nozzle comprising a hollow casing having an outwardly diverging discharge opening, means in said casing dening a fluid passage, a plate disposed in said casing in one end portion of the fluid passage, said plate defining a plurality o1 diagonally directed swirl passages therethrough, means on said plate defining a well and an orifice in register with the discharge opening of said casing, a diaphragm disposed in said casing having an aperture in register with said orifice and said discharge opening, said diaphragm and said means co-operating to define a plurality of fluid passages communicating said swirl passages and said orifice, said diaphragm being responsive to increased fluid pressure to shift to a second position whereby fluid may flow directly from said swirl passages to said discharge opening.

9. A nozzle comprising a hollow casing having an outwardly diverging discharge opening, core means in said casing defining a fluid passage, a plate retained in said casing adjacent the discharge end of said core, means on said plate defining a plurality of swirl passages, a boss on said plate defining a well and an orice in register with the discharge opening of said casing, and a diaphragm disposed in said casing having an aperture in register with said orifice and said discharge opening, said diaphragm and said boss cooperating to define a plurality of fluid passages between said diaphragm and said well, said diaphragm being responsive to increased fluid pressure to shift toward said discharge opening whereby liuid may flow directly from said swirl passages to said discharge opening.

LEIGHTON LEE II.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,343,780 Hull June 15, 1920 1,363,470 Knudsen Dec. 28, 1920 1,759,367 Petersen May 20, 1930 2,015,611 Wettstein Sept. 24, 1935 2,110,365 Imfeld Mar, 8, 1938 2,233,770 Campbell Mar. 4, 1941 2,407,915 Ball Sept. 17, 1946 2,574,865 Edwards Nov. 13, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 68,206 Sweden May 19, 1921 577,176 Great Britain May 8, 1946 

